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Harshjit Sethi

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@HarshjitSethi

Love what I do. Co-founder and GP at Ambition. Former early stage investor at Sequoia India/Peak XV Partners. 2x Stanford alum. Aspiring runner
BLR, BOM Joined April 2012
469 Following 9.2K Followers 290 Posts

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Harshjit Sethi Verified account @HarshjitSethi
While there has been a lot of twitter discussion on the tradeoff of building in India, as an early stage investor I look at the slope, and the slope is certainly encouraging in sectors that will define the next decade of our ecosystem: AI and deep tech

@ETtech today covered two of the most important companies in their sectors - Zetwerk and Sarvam. Zetwerk, whose IPO opens this week, went from zero revenue in 2018 to $1.7b last year. Sarvam continues to see strong investor interest and is one of the fastest value-creation stories India has produced. Shailesh and I have been lucky to watch both from day 1.

While plenty remains to be fixed, the input that matters most keeps improving: the founders building today. Everything else is downstream of that.

economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/startups/…

economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/startups/…
economictimes.indiatimes.com Zetwerk IPO: Zetwerk’s early backers stand to make returns of up to 38-fold at IPO price - The... Venture capital (VC) firms Kae Capital, Accel, Peak XV Partners and Lightspeed Venture Partners will together sell 76.3 million shares, accounting for more than half the 144.5 million shares offered...
Shailesh Lakhani Verified account @shaileshlakhani Oct 12
Deedy you are right about some aspects of the past, but its more nuanced then this, and likely different going forward. am sticking to the perspective of founders (vs employees & vcs).

If you were building for India consumer, the last 5 years have shown that you absolutely could have built significant cos and personal wealth by being in india (>$5b cos - flipkart, zomato, lenskart, meesho, groww, paytm, phonepe, swiggy, policybazaar, nykaa… ) and execs at these places also saw a lot of value being created. I was in a room of startup founders by @ETAwards on friday night and there were a lot of billionaires there! and 50+ other venture backed cos in the $500m-5b range, where also the outcomes have been significant for founders and execs.

if you were building for global software buyers, you need to be closer to the customers and the US is that. market insights matter more then cost of engineering. many global software cos have large india teams (zscaler! wealthiest indian american in the US) but the bulk of the value to founders and execs are in the market they serve. it still makes sense for most global founders to be in the US if thats what you are creating, and we have good examples like freshworks, postman and composio where cos started in india and migrated over various points in the past decade.

other areas like manufacturing/“deeptech”/atoms based businesses, India has significant advantages and we are just starting to see the outcomes. ather energy ($6b), skyroot ($3b), zetwerk (going public soon) are showing the way, and these cos have far lower costs to develop and manufacture vs other places.

finally, there is something to be said for patriotism or impact on soceity. zomato helps employ 1% of india (or something like that) and thats a stepping stone to a brighter future for many. skyroot inspired some young kid somewhere that said i’m gonna do that too. building a enterprise sw product in palo alto is awesome, but for some gives less intrinsic motivation.

building in india has many challenges (most self inclicted), but a good choice for many smart people vs a couple of decades ago! we do now have healthy capital markets, a better policy environment, and very smart young people (now enabled by AI!). we absolutely need more risk capital and some of us are working to do that!
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Harshjit Sethi Verified account @HarshjitSethi
Congratulations to the @helloturtlemint team on their IPO!

@dhirendranm and Anand exemplify the qualities of the very best founders. They saw the chance to pioneer a digitally-enabled insurance agent platform built on a new policy from the regulator, showed tremendous resilience through the many ups and downs of evangelising and scaling up a new model, and most importantly created tremendous societal impact with over 600,000 agents on the platform serving 98% of pin codes across the length and breadth of India.

Thank you for letting me be your partner through the journey. The best is yet to come!
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Harshjit Sethi Verified account @HarshjitSethi
Congrats to @SarvamAI on the fundraising milestone! As the first investor in the company while @peakxvpartners, I couldn’t be more excited to see how this additional capital enables the ambition :) of a highly capable and motivated team.

The last few days have produced more proof points that the success of Sarvam and other AI labs like them is crucial for the success of our nation. The belief from Day 1 was that AI is too foundational a technology to rely on others for, especially today in the context of a rapidly deglobalizing world. And with the Fable restrictions this weekend, we saw the first evidence of it ~3 years later.

Having our own capabilities and models, is not only defensive (what if someone takes these capabilities away from us?) but also offensive (how can local context and data, as Sarvam has proven with their models, better serve our needs). The dialogue in the past few days has shifted significantly to the former, but long term success will require the latter. This is what the team thinks deeply about - how do you optimise data, cost and implementation to derive the most value for users.

The most common criticism at the time of the seed investment in back in September 2023 is “this is too little, too late.” Today when the company has raised multifold the capital, the refrain stay the same. And it isn’t incorrect. But it is short sighted. Accepting defeat because an incumbent is larger is the very antithesis of the startup ecosystem. Adept, indefatigable founders have a history of finding a way, and I’ll continue being a loud cheerleader for @pratykumar, @vivekrag and the Sarvam team as they build a world-class AI lab from India.

@TrivediVedant
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Harshjit Sethi Verified account @HarshjitSethi
Congrats to @SarvamAI on the phenomenal milestone of launching India’s first sovereign LLM!

As the company’s first investor, I couldn’t be more excited about what this means for our ecosystem. This is India’s “Sarvam moment,” reminiscent of the US’s “ChatGPT moment” in Nov 2022 and China’s “Deepseek moment” in Jan 2025.

Ecosystems galvanise around local champions - companies that show the world what a country’s best and brightest are capable of. Over the past two weeks, Sarvam has launched a suite of fantastic products: from hyper-realistic voice models that effectively code-switch between languages, to the world’s leading OCR for Indian scripts. They have proven what superior research, engineering, and a deep understanding of a diverse local market can produce.

I’m reminded of the first conversation I had with @pratykumar and @vivek_raghavan, before the company even existed. The vision was clear then, as it is now: bring the power of AI to every Indian in the mode and language they are most comfortable with. We called it “UPI for AI,” a thesis I wrote about with my former colleague @TrivediVedant back in 2023: peakxv.com/article/sarvam…

Congratulations to Team Sarvam and to India’s AI ecosystem, supported by the efforts of @GoI_MeitY, whose GPU grant was critical in making this milestone happen. Here’s to many more successes for our ecosystem!