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@VitalikButerin called it in Jan 2026: the real fight is taking back lost ground in computing self sovereignty. Stop waiting for one perfect primitive and start composing imperfect ones.
So we stopped arguing ZK vs TEE and shipped both. @zkPass proves what is true with VOLE-based ZK and VOLE-in-the-Head, generating verifiable proofs that never expose a user's raw data. TEE proves the verifier ran honestly.
Two layers, two different failure modes, zero overlap.
Here is how we deleted Byzantine consensus from the verifier stack entirely. 👇
@VitalikButerin called it in Jan 2026: the real fight is taking back lost ground in computing self sovereignty. Stop waiting for one perfect primitive and start composing imperfect ones.
So we stopped arguing ZK vs TEE and shipped both. @zkPass proves what is true with VOLE-based ZK and VOLE-in-the-Head, generating verifiable proofs that never expose a user's raw data. TEE proves the verifier ran honestly.
Two layers, two different failure modes, zero overlap.
Here is how we deleted Byzantine consensus from the verifier stack entirely. 👇